Viruses that infect plants induce diseases such as mosaic, dwarfing, and malformation after infection. Until now, there has been much research on how to prevent such diseases, such as making plants resistant to the virus. However, there are still many unknowns about the mechanism of disease onset. Although factors that induce disease on the virus side are being elucidated through the use of virus gene sequence information and DNA manipulation, there are few examples of research on how the plant side responds to the virus. Elucidation of the plant side mechanisms of disease development is expected to lead to new strategies for the control of plant virus diseases. In this lecture, I will introduce some examples of research on disease induction mechanisms and discuss viral diseases and their control.

　Atmospheric entry is an unavoidable and dangerous barrier when arriving on the ground from space. This is because the atmosphere hitting the plane is compressed into a ball of fire, which heats up the plane violently. Therefore, we are developing a brake that can efficiently decelerate the aircraft at high altitude before it hits the dense atmosphere. The system is like an umbrella that can be deployed in space using a floating system, and flight demonstrations are underway using balloons, observation rockets, and other vehicles. I will review the history of its development and talk about our dream of an ultra-compact Mars landing mission.

　The history of ocean wave prediction dates back to World War II, but the theoretical system was established in the 1950s and 1960s. 50 years later, the theory of ocean waves is now being reexamined. This presentation will introduce the research on freak waves, waves under typhoons, and waves in icy seas that triggered this trend.