The shapes and forms of living things are truly diverse. The bodies of animals, including insects, are formed by the repeated cell division of a single cell, the fertilized egg, to increase the number of cells. However, simply increasing the number of cells is not enough to create a mass of cells. The unique shape of each species can be divided into three main categories: how many cells are added to each tissue (tissue "growth"), what properties are given to individual cells through gene expression (tissue "coloration"), and how the shape of the individual cells and the final shape of the tissue as an aggregate are created (tissue "shaping"). In this lecture, we will discuss how these three processes are precisely controlled. In this lecture, I would like to outline what we have learned about the mechanisms of "growth", "coloration", and "shaping" from our research using Drosophila.

Magnetic reconnection is a universal energy release process observed in various types of plasmas, from astronomical phenomena such as solar flares to plasma disruptions in nuclear fusion devices. In this lecture, I will explain the micro and macro physics of magnetic reconnection phenomena, which have been revealed by the researches so far. In addition, simulation has played an important role in such research progress. The methods, results, and future prospects of simulation research will be discussed.

With the global recognition of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) published by the United Nations in 2015, we have become more aware of the diversity of the concept of sustainability. In this lecture, we will discuss the various ways of approaching (framing) issues related to sustainability.